烟草米根霉对6种杀菌剂的敏感性及菌株保存条件筛选

采用孢子萌发法测定了烟草上米根霉Rhizopus oryzae对6种杀菌剂 (代森锰锌、多菌灵、嘧霉胺、嘧菌酯、啶酰菌胺及氟啶胺) 的敏感性，并就其适宜的保存条件进行了筛选，同时采用离体叶片法测定了上述6种杀菌剂对烟叶霉烂病的防治效果。结果表明:6种杀菌剂对米根霉孢子萌发和烟叶霉烂病均表现出了不同的抑制活性。其中，抑制孢子萌发活性最为明显的是氟啶胺和啶酰菌胺，其EC₉₀值分别为0.67 和1.53 mg/L；其次为代森锰锌和嘧菌酯，15.16和17.66 mg/L；最弱为嘧霉胺和多菌灵，71.87和81.96 mg/L。对烟叶霉烂病防效最好的为嘧菌酯，50 mg/L处理的防效为85%；其次为啶酰菌胺，200 mg/L处理时防效为83%；氟啶胺的防效较差，1 000 mg/L处理时仅为48%；而代森锰锌、多菌灵和嘧霉胺在最高使用剂量 (分别为4 000、800和800 mg/L) 时防效均低于20%。病原菌保存方法筛选结果表明，保存后米根霉的孢子萌发率均发生了不同程度降低。其中，4 ℃保存于20%甘油组的孢子悬浮液萌发率为60%；4 ℃保存的孢子干样萌发率为36%；4 ℃保存的孢子悬浮液和 –20 ℃保存于20%甘油的孢子悬浮液萌发率均低于20%；20 ℃保存的孢子干样萌发率为11%；–20 ℃保存的孢子悬浮液萌发率为6%。研究结果可为烘烤期烟叶霉烂病防治和米根霉孢子的保存提供参考依据。     

Robust Adaptive Control Based on On-line Identification to Multi-parameters

In system controlled,Sampling these parameters and with parameters for controller in time, it is an object to adaptive control. The article presents a scheme that the structure parameters on it's model and model parameters is robust identified by on line, while to optimal of algorithm on adaptive control is fulfilled. In control scheme, method of intelligent identifying to the structure parameters(levels of model) and algorithm of robust pole placement are introduced also It is advancer for already mentioned scheme. Whole scheme presents new model on adaptive control.     

废弃秸秆生物气化的实验研究

利用微生物对秸秆进行气化实验,研究表明:高浓度的VFA并不能抑制甲烷的生成,只是使甲烷存在一段休眠期。浸泡10天的秸秆,产气峰值出现快;当秸秆浸泡超过20天时,产气慢、周期长。其原因是浸泡期间生成的乙醇需要一段时间向乙酸转化;而驯化污泥做接种物,甲烷菌活性强,产气周期短。     

简易装卸设备

本文介绍如何拆下集材拖拉机搭载板，安装架杆，利用绞盘机、钢索及架杆滑轮装卸货物。此装卸设备对缓解当前伐区众多分散小型山楞原木装车的困难局面，具有实际指导意义。     

构造柱施工质量的几项控制措施的一点体会

本文作者介绍了构造柱的设置、施工程序等 ,并且对其施工质量常出现的问题提出了几项控制措施。     

Satisfaction across urban consumers of smallholder-produced teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) poles in South Benin

The study used the expectancy-disconfirmation framework to investigate the satisfaction among urban consumers of teak pole in South Benin, so as to identify the areas where interventions are needed to secure market opportunity for smallholder forestry. A survey was conducted in five cities; and 223 household-heads were interviewed using systematic sampling, with a random start. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, teak pole consumption forms, behaviour patterns, and motivations. Respondents also rated their expectations and perceptions for a set of nine attributes on a 7 points Likert scale. Hierarchical ascending cluster analysis was performed to identify consumer segments; and satisfaction level was analysed per segment, by determining the gap between expectations and perceptions, for all attributes. Four consumer segments were identified; and sociodemographic profiles differed across those segments. Competitive price was an important purchasing motivation across the identified segments. Consumers were dissatisfied with price, availability, knot frequency, bending, length, hardness, and durability of teak pole. The efforts to meet the consumer expectations should be concentrated on building farmers' capacity in silvicultural management, and ensuring the availability of good planting material. The issue of competitive price might be addressed, through the improvement of the overall efficiency in the value chain.     

精校机电液位置伺服系统的极点配置自校正控制

常规控制方法很难对变参数系统实现精确控制。建立精校机电液位置伺服系统离散数学模型,研究其常规控制方法。将极点配置自校正控制理论应用于精校机电液位置伺服系统中,提出该系统的极点配置自校正控制方法。仿真结果表明,系统的控制精度和跟踪性能将得以提高。     

Study on a soil erosion sampling survey in the Pan-Third Pole region based on higher-resolution images

Soil erosion is one of the most severe global environmental problems, and soil erosion surveys are the scientific basis for planning soil conservation and ecological development. To improve soil erosion sampling survey methods and accurately and rapidly estimate the actual rates of soil erosion, a Pan-Third Pole region was taken as an example to study a methodology of soil erosion sampling survey based on high-spatial-resolution remote sensing images. The sampling units were designed using a stratified variable probability systematic sampling method. The spatiotemporal characteristics of soil erosion and conservation were taken into account, and finer-resolution freely available and accessible images in Google Earth were used. Through the visual interpretation of the free high-resolution remote sensing images, detailed information on land use and soil conservation measures was obtained. Then, combined with the regional soil erosion factor data products, such as rainfall-runoff erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility factor (K), and slope length and steepness factor (LS), the soil loss rates of some sampling units were calculated. The results show that, based on these high-resolution remote sensing images, the land use and soil conservation measures of the sampling units can be quickly and accurately extracted. The interpretation accuracy in 4 typical cross sections was more than 80%, and sampling accuracy, described by histogram similarity in 11 large sampling sites, show that the landuse of sampling uints can represent the structural characteristics of regional land use. Based on the interpretation of data from the sample survey and the regional soil erosion factor data products, the calculation of the soil erosion rate can be completed quickly. The calculation results can reflect the actual conditions of soil erosion better than the potential soil erosion rates calculated by using the coarse-resolution remote sensing method.     

不同插竿方式诱集稻田福寿螺产卵的效应

【目的】研究田间不同插竿方式对福寿螺Pomacea canaliculata产卵的影响。【方法】通过插竿位置、插竿间距、插竿高度及竹竿形状4个因素研究不同的插竿方式对福寿螺产卵的诱集效率。【结果】稻田插竹竿能诱集福寿螺在其上产卵,且在竹竿上收集到的福寿螺卵块数量呈现返青期拔节期抽穗期的变化趋势。在效果最明显的返青期,距离田埂1 m的竹竿对螺卵诱集效率达到50%以上,显著高于其他位置竹竿及对照水稻茎秆上的卵块数(P0.05);距离田埂2 m的竹竿次之,距离田埂3 m的竹竿和对照最少。间距100 cm的竹竿诱集螺卵效率为41%,间距30 cm的为33%,显著高于间距70 cm及未插竹竿区域内水稻茎秆上的卵块数(P0.05)。顶端距离水面高度30 cm的竹竿与距离水面高度50 cm的竹竿诱集产卵效率分别为43%和40%,显著高于高度10 cm及未插竹竿区域内水稻茎秆上的卵块数(P0.05)。圆形竹条与扁竹竿在此时期收集得到的卵块数无显著差异。水稻移栽后,在靠近田埂1 m处和顶端距离水面30~50 cm的高度扦插1圈间距为100 cm的竹竿,在福寿螺为害盛期,螺卵发生密集的小范围区域内减小间距为30 cm沿田埂内周扦插1圈竹竿,均能达到较好的螺卵防除效果。【结论】实际生产中在田间合理地扦插竹竿可有效减少福寿螺卵块,降低福寿螺繁殖率,减少螺害。本研究可为物理控螺提供一条新的有效途径。